Women who engage in illegal activities generally acquire a “double deviant status” when compared with their male counterparts. Women are perceived as violating the law but also gender expectations, thereby acquiring the reputation as “fallen women,” and the “bad mother.” Questions also arise as to the gendered assumptions about victims of crime largely shaped by patriarchy, and the differentials between women and men. Assumptions about women who commit crime and/or are victims of crime are in stark contrast to men, and this has impacted their differential treatment under the law and in punishment. This course critically assesses these assumptions and the gendered nature of crime and its control. The focus on women necessarily entails comparisons with men. We examine key myths and realities about gender and crime, theories and concepts, including the relationship between gender, offending and victimization, and pathways and structural inequalities in the criminal justice system.